Ecology, Capitalism, Democracy

Central European University
Budapest, Hungary
July 14–19, 2025

Course Directors

  • Dilip Gaonkar

    Rhetoric and Public Culture, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

  • Shalini Randeria
    Central European University, Vienna, Austria/Budapest, Hungary

  • Liam Mayes

    Politics, Law and Social Thought, Rice University, Houston, USA

Course Faculty

  • Julia Adeney Thomas

    Department of History, University of Notre Dame, USA

  • Prathama Banerjee

    Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi, India

  • Craig Calhoun

    Social Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

  • Sonja Dümpelmann

    Environmental Humanities, Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany

  • Robert Meister

    Department of the History of Consciousness, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA

  • Charles Taylor

    Philosophy, Emeritus, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Guest Speakers

  • Lars Tønder

    Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark/ forthcoming book on Power in the Anthropocene, University of Edinburg Press, March 2025

  • Peter Wagner

    Department of Sociological Theory, University of Barcelona, Spain / Author of Carbon Societies: The Social Logic of Fossil Fuels (Polity, 2024)

Course Overview

There are typically two ways to explain how and why democracies die. The first kind of explanation, which was dominant for much of the twentieth century and has returned with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, turns to external threats. The second kind of explanation, which secured its dominance after the fall of the Soviet Union and the apparent triumph of a global liberal democratic order, turns to internal tensions—from religious violence to government corruption to tyrannical majorities to authoritarian take-over. This course explores an increasingly urgent third kind of explanation. In addition to external threats and internal tensions, democracies now face challenges that are neither strictly internal nor external but global, systemic, and infrastructural. We understand these challenges under two broad categories: the unfolding ecological crises and the catastrophes wrought by capitalism’s intensification.

Can democracy, a mode of governance bound by national borders, respond to these boundless global, systemic, and infrastructural challenges? What is the relationship between ecological and capitalist crises? How do ecological and capitalist crises animate democracy’s internal and external antagonists?  

The aim of the course is to re-examine the relationship between democracy, ecology, and capitalism by attending to the complex and diverse challenges democratic societies are navigating today. The course will employ an interdisciplinary perspective and global scope, comparing democratic contexts across time and space. To this end, the course will foster a robust dialogue among students, activists, and scholars assembled from all over the world. Students will leave the course with a deeper understanding of democracy’s modern challenges as well as new questions and ideas about how they may be productively addressed.

Co-Sponsors

Central European University, the Open Society Foundations, the Center for Global Culture and Communication (Northwestern University’s School of Communication), and the Buffett Institute of Global Affairs (Northwestern University, Evanston, USA).

Application deadline: February 14, 2025

Democracy and Inequality:
The Challenge of a Society of Equals

Central European University
Budapest, Hungary
July 1–6, 2024

Course Directors

  • Dilip Gaonkar

    Rhetoric and Public Culture, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

  • Shalini Randeria
    Central European University, Vienna, Austria/Budapest, Hungary

Course Faculty

  • Banu Bargu

    History of Consciousness, University of California-Santa Cruz, USA

  • Prathama Banerjee

    Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi, India

  • Craig Calhoun

    Social Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

  • Liam Mayes

    Politics, Law and Social Thought, Rice University, Houston, USA

  • José Medina

    Philosophy, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

  • Sofia Näsström

    Department of Government, Uppsala University, Sweden

  • Charles Taylor

    Philosophy, Emeritus, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

  • Massimiliano Tomba

    History of Consciousness, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA

  • Nadia Urbinati

    Political Science, Columbia University, New York, USA

Course Overview

Since antiquity, through the French and American revolutions, and into its modern and contemporary configurations, democracy has promised political equality. Somewhere along the way, democracy came to be understood as a political system that could deliver equality beyond the political realm as well. Today, the belief persists that, at some level, democracy promotes social and economic equality more effectively and reliably than any other mode of governance. This belief persists despite an increasing share of wealth and property flowing to a small elite and tears in the social fabric visible in polarized populations and the rise of ethno-nationalism. Democracy and social and economic inequality are extremely compatible. 

So, what is the relationship between democracy and equality? What does the pursuit of equality look like in a modern democracy? To what extent are economic and social equality necessary for democratic flourishing? To what extent are they worthwhile goals in the first place?

The aim of the course is to re-examine the relationship between democracy and equality by attending to the complexity and history of modern democratic societies. The course will employ a historical perspective and global scope, comparing democratic contexts across time and space. To this end, the course will foster a robust dialogue among students, activists, and scholars assembled from all over the world. Students will leave the course with a deeper understanding of the fraught relationship between democracy and equality as well as new questions and ideas about how it might be productively addressed.

Co-Sponsors

Central European University, Open Society University Network (OSUN), Mastercard Foundation, and Center for Global Culture and Communication (Northwestern University)

It Takes a Movement:
Social Mobilization and Rebuilding Democracy

Central European University
Budapest, Hungary
July 3–9, 2023

Course Directors

  • Dilip Gaonkar

    Rhetoric and Public Culture, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

  • Shalini Randeria
    Central European University, Vienna, Austria/Budapest, Hungary

Course Faculty

  • Prathama Banerjee

    Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi, India

  • Humberto Beck

    International Studies, El Colegio de México, Mexico City, Mexico

  • Craig Calhoun

    Social Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

  • Ulrike Flader

    Anthropology, University of Bremen, Germany

  • Lisa Guenther

    Philosophy, and Critical Prison Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada

  • Aishwary Kumar

    Ahimsa Center, History, College of Letters, Arts, and Social Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA

  • Charles Taylor

    Philosophy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

  • Lars Tønder

    Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

  • Camil Ungureanu

    Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

Course Faculty Coordinator

  • Liam Mayes

    Communication and English, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA

Course Overview

Around the world, democracies are breaking down. Many are being dismantled from within while others face attacks from without. In both cases, the issues underlying democracy’s erosion are not superficial but deeply entrenched and complex. As a result, democracies will not be renewed without considerable effort. Technical fixes imposed from above may slow democratic degeneration, but they cannot reverse it. Rebuilding democracy—fortifying its institutions and advancing its project—takes a movement from below.

Yet, when it comes to social mobilization, democratic societies tend to be apprehensive. A handful of exceptionally civil, organized, and focused social movements may serve as evidence of a dynamic public sphere and a healthy democratic culture. But far more often, democratic governments respond to social mobilization with less enthusiasm, treating it as anything from a nuisance to a threat. After all, what democratic purpose could social mobilization fulfill in a society with fair elections, democratic representation, and independent courts? Given the growing frequency, intensity, scale, and volatility of twenty-first century social mobilizations in democratic societies, it is difficult to see them simply as a confirmation of democratic flourishing or evidence of its undoing. Instead, from Indian farmers to Canadian truckers and Colombian taxpayers, from the Black Lives Matter movement to the Yellow Vests, these mobilizations index social, political, cultural, and economic crises that democratic governments have failed to address. In this context, what is the relationship between social mobilization and democracy? Do loosely networked local protests in disparate contexts share a global anatomy? When are social mobilizations a threat to democracy and when are they the foundation of its renewal?

The aim of It Takes a Movement is to re-examine the relationship between social mobilization and democracy by attending to the stunning complexity and diversity of twenty-first-century protests and social movements. The course will employ a global perspective, comparing social mobilizations across different democratic contexts, tracing transnational connections and fissures, and establishing common features. To this end, the course will foster a robust dialogue among students, activists, and scholars assembled from all over the world. Students will leave the course with a deeper understanding of the fraught relationship between democracy and social mobilization as well as new questions and ideas about how it might be productively addressed.

The course will fund a minimum of twenty students and reserves one-third of available spaces for applicants from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Co-Sponsors

Central European University, Open Society University Network (OSUN), Mastercard Foundation, and Center for Global Culture and Communication (Northwestern University), in collaboration with the Arizona State University

Dismantling Democracy from Within

Central European University
Budapest, Hungary
June 27–July 2, 2022

Course Directors

  • Dilip Gaonkar

    Rhetoric and Public Culture, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

  • Shalini Randeria
    Central European University, Vienna, Austria/Budapest, Hungary

Course Faculty

  • Prathama Banerjee

    Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Delhi, India

  • Craig Calhoun

    Social Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

  • Eva Fodor
    Gender Studies/Inequalities and Democracy, Democracy Institute, Central European University, Vienna, Austria/Budapest, Hungary

  • Nilüfer Göle

    Sociology, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris, France

  • Charles Taylor

    Philosophy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Emeritus)

  • Nadia Urbinati

    Political Science, Columbia University, New York, USA

Course Faculty Coordinator

  • Liam Mayes

    Communication, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA

Course Overview

During the first decades of the twenty-first century, the threat to democratic societies the world over has increasingly come from within. In general, this threat from within is not one of military coups or the interference of foreign governments, but of fraught popular elections and rising populist tides. Amid an array of national and cultural differences shaped by history and contemporary conditions, there is no one true and tested path to securing democratic societies against this threat. Yet this need not mean abandoning democracy. It means diagnosing democracy’s current failures, understanding its partial achievements, and renewing its many and varied cultures. There is an urgent need for both sustained dialogue among proponents of diverse interpretive positions and their recommendations, for policy as well as mobilization.

The “Dismantling Democracy from Within" course advances the twin mission of understanding the critical challenges democracy is facing and developing the democratic agendas that will meet these challenges under variable cultural and socio-economic conditions. Such a mission can only be secured by facilitating a robust dialogue among students, activists, and scholars assembled from all over the world. Students will leave the Summer School with a deeper knowledge of the specific challenges facing democracy in different contexts as well as a global understanding of how they are connected.

Sessions at the Summer School are led by its distinguished faculty and will generally take the form of lecture presentations, seminar discussions, and student-centered workshops. Throughout the week, students will have the opportunity to discuss their research with faculty during office hours sessions.

Co-Sponsors

Central European University, Open Society University Network (OSUN), Mastercard Foundation, and Center for Global Culture and Communication (Northwestern University)

Democracy and Demography

Burg Feistritz, Austria
June 27–July 2, 2022

Attended by 29 students representing 23 countries


Organized in collaboration with the Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen (IWM) in Vienna, Austria


Special funding provided by the Mastercard Foundation